According to Mak (2011), "negative self-evaluation is an important factor leading to speaking-in-class anxiety”, since it “can affect oral performance and grades when meeting compulsory requirements to speak and contribute to role-plays and discussions in a positive manner” (p. 211). Due to the fact that Chinese culture advocates a modest attitude (usually too modest that it leads to self-abasement) and the typical Chinese parental and school
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It is also raised by Mak (2011), Chinese students “usually require longer wait-time to speak up and respond than their European counterparts because ‘group unity’ and ‘face’ are important elements of their culture” (p. 211). Therefore, wait-time, originally raised by Rowe (1974a, 1974b, 1986), also contributes to International Chinese students’ classroom anxiety. They need more time to reflect on everything they prepare to say and make sure everything is
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